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Land, Commons, and Natural Resources

Land, grasslands, water, and natural resources constitute shared foundations of social, cultural, and economic life. The constitution shall recognize these commons as intergenerational assets requiring collective stewardship and legal protection.


1. Public Interest and Stewardship

Land and natural resources shall be governed in the public interest. Public authorities act as stewards and must manage resources on behalf of present and future generations.

2. Protection of Grasslands and Traditional Land Use

Grasslands and traditional land-use systems shall receive special constitutional protection, recognizing traditional practices and the cultural/ecological significance of grasslands.

3. Community Participation in Land Governance

Communities shall have the right to meaningful participation in decisions affecting land and resources, including consultation, access to information, and participatory local mechanisms.

4. Environmental Protection and Sustainability

The constitution shall guarantee environmental protection, prevent irreversible ecological damage, and integrate scientific knowledge with traditional ecological practices.

5. Limits on Privatization and Exploitation

The constitution shall establish limits on privatization, alienation, and irreversible exploitation of commons, subject to strict legal criteria, democratic oversight, and judicial review.

6. Protection Against Forced Displacement

Individuals and communities shall be protected from forced displacement related to land use or extraction. Any relocation must be lawful, necessary, proportionate, and accompanied by due process and fair compensation.

7. Intergenerational Equity

Governance shall be guided by intergenerational equity to preserve ecological, cultural, and economic foundations for future self-governance.


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