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Democratic participation is the foundation of legitimate governance. The constitution shall establish electoral and participatory mechanisms that ensure free choice, political equality, and peaceful transfer of power.
Citizens have the right to vote, stand for election, form and join parties, and engage in peaceful political activity free from coercion or discrimination.
Elections shall be based on universal, equal, and secret suffrage. Each vote carries equal weight and electoral laws prevent disenfranchisement and manipulation.
Elections require transparent administration, impartial oversight, equal media access, and protection against fraud and intimidation.
The electoral system shall ensure fair representation and pluralism, using proportional or mixed mechanisms as appropriate to prevent excessive concentration of power.
Elections shall be administered by independent bodies protected from political interference, with decisions subject to judicial review.
Freedom to form parties and equal conditions for competition are guaranteed. No party may monopolize political life or undermine constitutional order.
Campaign finance is regulated for fairness and transparency to prevent corruption and undue influence.
Democracy requires media freedom, access to diverse information, and protection against censorship and disinformation.
Electoral outcomes shall be respected and power transferred peacefully. Disputes are resolved through legal mechanisms.